Technologies and factors affecting bioethanol fermentation and its commercialization

Fossil fuels are a major contributor to climate change and environmental pollution, as the demand for energy production increases, alternative sources becoming more attractive. Bioethanol reduce reliance on fossil can be compatible with existing fleet of internal combustion engines. is typically produced via microbial fermentation fermentable sugars. Traditional feedstocks (first- generation) include cereal grains, sugar cane, beets. However, due concerns regarding food sustainability, lignocellulosic (second-generation) algal biomass (third-generation) have been investigated. Technologies such Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation (SSF), Separate enzymatic Hydrolysis (SHF) Fed- batch bioethanol hold tremendous potential bioethanol. The aim this review focuses technologies factors affecting its commercialization.